Piston and cylinder construction



March 27, 1945. c. HEISKELL PISTON AND CYLINDER CONSTRUCTION Filed Oct. 18. 1943 INVENTOR. Herbert L. oza zLsvk-ell hyazmra.

ATTIJRNENKS Patented Mar. 27, 19 15 Herbert o. Heiskell, Joplin, Mo. Application October 18, 1943, Serial No. 506,756

1 Claim.

This invention relates to an internal combustion engine of the reciprocating type, and has for its object to provide for an engine of this type a self-sealing piston of improved design without the use of compression rings now ordinarily used.

To attain the foregoing object, the invention comprehends a piston having a cylindrical wall of brass or any suitable material which projects above the top of the piston and which fits closely the cylinder wall, being retained in close or sealing contact with said wall at all times by the normal expansion thereof.

' A further object of the invention is to provide the engine with a compression block which extends down from the head of the cylinder and which is so designed as to cause all force generated within the cylinder to act directly against and upon the entire area of the piston.

The invention is illustrated by the accompanying drawing forming a part of this specification, and whereas Figure 1 is a view partly in elevation and partly in vertical section of an internal combustion engine embodying my invention.

Figure 2 is a sectional view on the line 22 of Figure 1'.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of the improved piston.

In the drawing my invention is shown applied to an internal combustion engine of a well-known type. I designates the cylinder block; 2 the cylinder head; 3 the crankcase and 4 the crankshaft of the engine.

My improved piston 5 has a cylindrical wall 6 of thin brass or any suitable material section projecting above the top of the piston and fitting closely the cylinder wall 1, forming a self sealing member. The piston wall 6 is at all times retained and held in sealing contact with the cylinder wall I by natural expansion thereof under the influence of the heat generated within the combustion chamber 8, formed by and between the cup shaped section of the top of the piston and a compression block 8 extending downwardly from the inside face of the cylinder head 2, into the upper portion of th cylinder 1. This compression block is of cylindrical form and has a diameter slightly less than'the diameter of the cylinder, forming a circular space In between its wall and the cylinder wall 1 and into which the upper Wall of thepiston projects at the end of the compression stroke, the opposing cup shaped piston and the compression block thus forming a compression and combustion chamber effecting to concentrate the full energy of the exploding fuel immediately upon and against the top of the piston.

The compression block is formed with a hollow space within its center to permit the introduction of a spark plug H, seated within and retained by the bottom face of the block permitting the spark within the combustion chamber and immediately upon the top of the piston head.

Th piston 5 is provided in its outer face with a groove 12 for the reception of an oil ring, and it is also provided in said face thereof with grooves 13 which extend downwardly from the groove I2 to return excess oil to the cank case. The piston is connected by a rod Id, of conventional construction, to the crank shaft 4. The oil ring receiving groove I2 is located immediately below the self-sealing extension 6 of the piston.

Having thus described the invention the following claim is made:

In a cylinder and piston construction, the piston formed with an upwardly extending cylindrical wall of brass having a higher coefficient of expansion than the cylinder wall against which the piston operates thereby to be self sealing against the cylinder wall under the influence of the heat of combustion, and the cylinder formed with an extension spaced from its wall to form a channel in which the piston wall operates and having an ignition means at the bottom of the extension adjacent the piston head and between the piston walls whereby the heat and explosive force is effective directly against the piston head and brass piston wall extension.

HERBERT C. HEISKELL. 

